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  • Preventing health issues in captive bears using nutritional management

Preventing health issues in captive bears using nutritional management

Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Centre, Cambodia

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Sun Bear

(Helarctos malayanus)

IUCN 级别

LC 无危
NT
VU 易危
EN
CR
EW
EX 灭绝
IUCN 濒危物种红色名录

IUCN 濒危物种红色名录

《IUCN 濒危物种红色名录》被普遍认为是全球最全面客观评估动植物种群保育级别的标准性文件。

DT

Data Deficient

Unknown risk of extinction

LC

无危

灭绝风险相对较低

NT

近危

在不久的将来可能成为易危物种

VU

易危

在野外面临高灭绝风险

EN

濒危

在野外面临很高的灭绝风险

CR

极危

在野外面临极高的灭绝风险

EW

野外灭绝

仅存活于人工养殖环境

EX

灭绝

野外与人工养殖环境均无存活个体

The challenge

Over the last 30 years, the sun bear population is estimated to have declined by more than 30%, mainly due to extensive habitat loss and fragmentation, exacerbated by uncontrolled exploitation in illegal commercial hunting and trade for their bile and paws.

An increasing number of sun bears have been rescued from various situations including poachers, the bile farm industry and businesses using them for entertainment.

These rescued animals are then housed in wildlife sanctuaries and rehabilitation centres. Keeping bears in captivity is a challenge due to their predominantly seasonal diets, physiological adaptation to severe weight gain and loss, and strong cognitive skills. The current diet of captive bears, while sufficient, may not be robust enough.

The goal

Veterinary examinations at Free the Bears rescue centres have shown a high prevalence of dental disease, as well as cases of ocular disease and obesity among captive bears, which may be linked to sub-optimal nutrition.

This study was designed to assess the diet currently fed to sun bears at the Free the Bears facility at Phnom Tamao Wildlife Rescue Centre (PTWRC) in Cambodia. The project comprehensively measured nutrient intake, and objectively assessed type and severity of dental disease.

One of the key aims is to determine if oral health and body weight issues can be prevented and treated through dietary modifications.

Our role

Support from Wildlife Reserves Singapore (WRS) for the project has facilitated the nutrient and serum vitamin analyses of the diet in the facility.

Notably, WRS Wildlife Nutritionist Dr Francis Cabana visited PTWRC in August 2016 to review the bears’ existing diet, analyse the results of the intake study and nutrient analyses, and provide advice for an improved sun bear diet.

The outcome

An improved sun bear diet was successfully developed, with the first stage of the diet transition period starting in February 2017.

Some of the changes include elimination of rice porridge and an increased amount of dry, hard food to exert a brushing effect. In addition, this refined diet is anticipated to result in an overall reduction in food costs.

Post-change data will be collected and will be compared and contrasted with the pre-change data.

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